Ideological

 **Ideological Criticism**

When rhetorical critics are interested in rhetoric mainly for what it suggests about beliefs and values, their focus is on ideology (Foss, 2004).

**What is an ideology?**

An Ideology is a pattern of beliefs that determines a group's interpretations of some aspect(s) of the world (Foss, 2004). It is a system of beliefs that reflect a group's "fundamental social, economic, political or cultural interests (Foss, 2004). " An ideology represents who we are and what we stand for, what our values are, and what our relationships are with other groups, particularly groups that oppose what we stand for, threaten our interests, and prevent us from accessing resources important to us (Foss, 2004).


 * Multiple ideologies or multiple patterns of belief exist in any culture and have the potential to be manifest in rhetorical artifacts (Foss, 2004). **

The Battle Hymn of The Republic
 * The Artifact **

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**Finding clues to the artifact's ideology (Foss, 2004).**
 * **"Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord"**
 * ** "Glory, glory, hallelujah" **
 * **"Our God/His truth/ is marching on"**
 * ** "As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free" **

 **When analyzing an artifact consider...**

**Discover rhetorical mechanisms used to advocate/defend ideology (Foss,2004).**

**Nature of Ideology.**
 * ** Think broad and coherent to attract support from groups for ideology, minimize assent from others (Foss, 2004). **
 * ** Patriotism or a belief in God within Battle of The Republic Hymn **


 * ** “A Christian ideology focuses on values, while the ideology of capitalism focuses on the resource dimension and freedom of the market as the means to achieve resources.” (2004, p. 245). **
 * ** “he hath loosed the fateful lighting on his terrible swift sword;" **
 * ** Motivation for the north soldiers to the thought they are fighting for God and His will. **

**Communicative Genre.**
 * ** The genre of an artifact affects persuasiveness of its ideology; some genres typically function as persuasive expressions of opinions (Foss, 2004). **
 * ** Battle Hymn of The Republic functions as an ideological expression of religion **


 * ** “The genre in which the ideology is presented, then, constitutes a strategy for supporting the ideology. Although contexts that are clearly ideological certainly can be persuasive in supporting an ideology, ... television news, textbooks, or warranties accompanying household appliances, for example.” (2004, p. 246) **
 * ** The song started in the Atlantic Monthly and eventually was sung among the ranks of the Northern soldiers. It inspired the men and women of the North knowing that God was on their side. **

**Size of Audience.**
 * ** The audience size that The Battle Hymn of The Republic convey beliefs to **
 * ** "Much of the ideological consensus constructed in society would be difficult to obtain without coverage of rhetoric by the mass media. The larger the scope of a discourse, the greater the ideological effects.” (2004, p. 246). **
 * ** This was a wide spread of audience, mainly meant for the soldiers of the North but it spread everywhere. Everyone in the North was singing the song. **

<span style="background-color: #c0c0c0; color: #0000ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 250%;">**Content.**
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">** Choices in terms of content can increase persuasiveness of artifact's ideology (Foss, 2004). **
 * ** Battle Hymn of The Republic express/emphasize positive, inspirational information about ingroup **
 * ** They choose to focus on some things rather than others, and their choices in terms of content can increase the persuasiveness of an artifact’s ideology.” (2004, p. 246). **
 * ** To examine the literal meanings of our artifact would lead one to believe it is purely a Christian hymn, but when you cross reference some of the lyrics with the Bible, you begin to notice connotations about the Wrath of God and blessings to the righteous for whom Howe is trying to bolster and promote. **

<span style="background-color: #c0c0c0; color: #0000ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 250%;">**Style of the artifact.** >>> <span style="background-color: #c0c0c0; color: #0000ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 250%;">**Interactional Strategies.**
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">** Style of artifact is one of the most obvious ways to signal ideological beliefs and can too express positive/negative information about an ingroup (Foss, 2004). **
 * ** Battle Hymn of The Republic does this in song style **
 * ** “Other aspects of style that can affect the presentation of a ideology are pronunciation; ... tone thus emphasized; and figures of speech such as metaphors, rhyme, alliteration, euphemism, and understatement.” (2004, p. 247). **
 * ** Battle Hymn of the Republic. The hymn repeats the line, “Marching On,” Those who are doing so (Northern Soldiers) as they sing it feel as though since they are doing God's work they are protected under glory. **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">** Marginalization of alternatives to ideology (Foss, 2004). **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">** Battle Hymn of The Republic affirms our nations historically close relationship with religion **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">** God was an important part to the North and their cause for their support in the war. **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">** How God protects the North, because they are the “hero… crush the serpent with his heel…” (confederacy). **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">** Overall this song was a message to the North soldiers to change the flow of the war, and it succeeded. **

<span style="background-color: #c0c0c0; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 320%;">**TRY TO SING ALONG!!! GO ON, NO ONE IS LISTENING!!!** media type="youtube" key="UIxFpsI-vIs" height="346" width="616" align="center" <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Reference <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Foss, S. K. (2004). //Rhetorical criticism: Exploration and Practice//. (3rd ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.